Negocios Internacionales

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.uniagustiniana.edu.co/handle/123456789/30

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Diseño de un plan de exportación de grasa de ave de INGRASAS S.A.S. hacia Países Bajos para la industria de nutrición animal.
Rizo-Bonilla,Yuly Paola; Julián Enrique Beltrán Roldán
This thesis designs an export plan for poultry fat from INGRASAS S.A.S. to the Netherlands, with the aim of reducing dependence on the Colombian market and accessing a higher-value international market. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach with a qualitative predominance, descriptive scope, and non-experimental design. The qualitative component allows for characterizing the target market, interpreting regulatory requirements, and understanding the strategic implications of the export process; while the quantitative component is based on real operational and financial data from INGRASAS S.A.S., used to estimate costs, calculate profit margins, and evaluate the economic feasibility of the export operation. The study is grounded in documentary review and primary information obtained through a semi-structured interview with the company's management. The research addresses three main areas. First, it analyzes the Dutch animal nutrition market, identifying demand for Category 3 animal fats, key commercialization channels, and reference prices. Second, it determines the technical, sanitary, and regulatory requirements imposed by the European Union, especially Regulation (EC) No. 1069/2009, the GMP+ FSA standard, and the TRACES NT system. Third, it evaluates the economic feasibility through an International Physical Distribution cost matrix under the FOB Incoterm®, with an estimated gross margin of USD 181.30 per ton, an annual net profit of USD 71,691.99 in Year 1, an ROI of 278.37%, and a payback period of 3.2 months. The findings indicate that exporting is technically, regulatorily, and financially viable, provided that INGRASAS S.A.S. advances its GMP+ certification and develops commercial relationships with brokers in Rotterdam.
Plan de mejora para la importación de accesorios europeos para sistemas de aluminio y vidrio en Alucristal Hernández Leiva Ltda.
Hernandez Beltran Luna Valentina
This document analyzes the construction of an improvement plan, with which recommendations addressed to Alucristal Hernández Leiva Ltda., to facilitate the successful implementation of a proposed pilot import plan; which suggests formalizing the responsible designation based on foreign trade management within the company's organizational structure. The absence of an internal process that centralizes import activities represents the main operational limitation for the sustained execution of the plan. Integrating this role into the organizational structure ensures operational continuity once it is launched and its implementation matures. The improvement plan advises initiating formal contact with European suppliers, leveraging the platforms and methodologies defined in the first objective. It is suggested to prioritize suppliers from Spain and Italy due to their greater export experience to Latin America and the compatibility of their regulatory systems with the requirements of the Colombian market, and to engage a trusted customs agent to accompany the process from its initial stages. Their advice will reduce the risks of document errors, delays in customs clearance, and unforeseen costs, especially during the initial import operations while the company gains experience in foreign trade. Adapt a cost simulator proposed in the second objective as a mandatory evaluation tool prior to any import decision, verifying that the expected profit margin justifies the investment before committing to any supplier or order, taking advantage of the tariff benefits of the Trade Agreement between Colombia and the European Union, ensuring that the products have the European origin certificate that allows them to access the preferences established in said agreement, which can represent a significant reduction in the total import cost. Systematically document all stages of the import process from the first order, recording contacts with suppliers, documents used, times, actual versus estimated costs, and lessons learned. This documentation will allow the creation of a basic procedures manual that facilitates the replication of the process in future operations and reduces operational errors as the company gains experience in foreign trade.
Propuesta de mejora en la gestión de comercial de Universal Cargo Colombia S.A.S
Cristian Fabra Diaz
This project analyzes commercial management in a freight forwarding company. Following an organizational diagnosis and SWOT analysis, a need was identified to improve information management through a Power BI dashboard to optimize KPI monitoring and decision-making.
Plan de mejoramiento/Apoyo a comunidades colombianas en los Estados Unidos de América
Ortega Hidalgo Shirley Viviana; Ortega Hidalgo Shirley Viviana
This improvement plan proposes a comprehensive model to provide guidance and support to Colombian citizens traveling abroad, with a primary focus on the United States of America. Despite growing migration flows and progress in the modernization of border control systems, there is a gap in institutional support for the socioeconomic integration of Colombians abroad. Using a descriptive methodology and an institutional assessment, the study analyzed deficiencies in digital service channels and their relationship to international business. From this, it was concluded that information for migrants is scattered across different agencies and that there is a lack of coverage on important socioeconomic issues such as double taxation agreements, the recognition of educational and professional credentials, and guidelines for investing remittances. To address this issue, the proposal focuses on two pillars: the development of a “Guide to Opportunities in the United States of America” and the “Definition of digital strategies to optimize information and promote the use of remittances and the “Country Brand”. The implementation of this plan will enable Migración Colombia to transition from an exclusively operational model to a comprehensive one. This would reduce the vulnerability of Colombian citizens abroad, promote investment of remittances, and establish migrants as strategic allies for the country’s competitiveness and economic development on the international stage.
Diseño de un modelo estratégico para la gestión logística y aduanera del departamento de importaciones en la compañía International Parts Service S.A.S
Baquero-Mojica, Angie Dayanna; Rocha-Alfonso, Andrés
This study proposes an operational improvement plan for the imports department of a Colombian company, with the aim of eliminating logistical bottlenecks and mitigating the risks of penalties under Decree 920 of 2023. Methodologically, a qualitative, descriptive-propositional, and cross-sectional study was conducted, using participant observation and the audit of internal manuals and matrices as research tools. The analysis revealed structural flaws due to the “Silo Effect,” reliance on manual records, and delayed document validation, which generate additional costs from warehousing, container delays, and exposure to customs seizures. To resolve this, a process reengineering was designed using a Single Digital File in the cloud, advance checklists, and an automated dashboard with predictive alerts (Green, Yellow, and Red). It is concluded that transitioning to a concurrent and digitized logistics management model optimizes coordination among supply chain actors, provides legal protection for the operation before customs authorities, and safeguards organizational profitability.
Plan de mejoramiento BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A
Corredor-Ribon, María Ximena; Rocha-Alfonso, Andrés
This paper presents an improvement proposal for the logistics processes of BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A., focusing on the digital transformation of last-mile operations. The study analyzes the main challenges associated with the current Proof of Delivery (PoD) system, particularly those related to document management, information traceability, and the resolution of delivery-related issues. Based on the organizational diagnosis, opportunities for optimization were identified through technological tools designed to enhance operational efficiency and the integration of logistics processes. Consequently, the proposal outlines the implementation of an electronic delivery note system integrated with the Urbantz platform, incorporating digital validation mechanisms such as biometric signatures and OTP codes. Furthermore, the proposal includes a phased implementation model that addresses change management, technological integration, and results evaluation.
Impacto Del TLC Colombia- Estados Unidos
Forero-González, Stefania; Espejo, Yineth Ximena; Cabrera-Jiménez, Manuel Fernando
- This research examines the impact of the FTA between Colombia and the United States on the efficiency of the Colombian electricity sector with the emphasis on hydroelectric generation. The agreement that has facilitated the attraction of foreign investment, technological transfer and institutional restructuring, determining factors for the socioeconomic development of the country, is studied. - Through a documentary methodology based on official reports from the Mining-Energy Planning Unit (UPME) and the national operational council, the sector's capacity to promote equitable competition and strengthen the export of electrical services is evaluated. - The results highlight a significant increase in export capacity, which evolved from 1,200 MW in 2020 towards a projection of 2,500 MW by 2025. The study concludes that although the FTA offers competitive advantages and a regulatory framework for energy internationalization, the sector still faces critical challenges in terms of customs regulation, external dependence, and global competitive pressure.
Efectos del estigma del cannabis en el proceso de exportación a México de los productos de la empresa Pideka
Paramo-Rueda, Yudi Alejandra; Suarez-Guerrero, Laura Alejandra; Aguilar-Galeano, Estíbaliz
The main problem addressed by this research lies in the cultural, social, and legal stigmas that still persist in Mexico regarding cannabis, which limit the acceptance and development of the market for derivative products, particularly affecting foreign companies such as Pideka. In accordance with the study's overall objective—to analyze how these stigmas and regulatory policies influence the introduction and export of medicinal cannabis products to Mexico—a qualitative approach was implemented. The work was based on a semi-structured interview with a representative of Pideka, supplemented by a review of secondary sources such as regulatory reports, academic articles, and specialized news. The categories of analysis were defined based on structural stigma theory, applied to the context of drug policies, which allowed for an examination of how institutionalized negative perceptions influence the regulation and acceptance of medicinal cannabis. As a result, it was found that Pideka has faced significant barriers stemming from social and legal stigma, but has responded through communication strategies focused on education, scientific legitimization, and institutional cooperation, in order to differentiate medicinal cannabis from recreational cannabis and consolidate an image of responsibility and transparency in the Mexican market.
Innovación de procesos a través de impresoras 3D para aumentar las exportaciones de joyería
Beltrán-Calderón, Johan Enrique; Redondo-Mendez, Andrea Carolina
The main objective of the document is to determine the productive and export impact that business innovation can have in the Colombian jewelry sector, specifically the implementation of 3D printing. To do this, the export capacity of the Colombian jewelry sector was identified and the technological innovation of 3D printing was characterized and how this influences the export of Colombian jewelry. In order to determine the benefits of 3D printing innovation in jewelry companies in the Colombian country, future research and comparisons of the effects of 3D printing business innovation were carried out and data on the current state of the jewelry sector in Colombia was presented. The last years of the sector's exports. It was found that the export percentage showed a decrease in the export of the traditional jewelry industry, which shows that the industry must look for alternatives to increase its presence, such as technological innovation. From the information collected, it was possible to demonstrate the effects of the technological implementation of 3D printing, showing potential for the Colombian jewelry sector to increase the value of its product and increase its export presence.
Análisis de la competitividad en América Latina del puerto de Buenaventura entre el periodo 2012 y 2023.
Galvis-Ocampo, Paula Melissa; Pinzon Muñoz, Carlos Andres
The present degree work is a research that deals with Analysis of competitiveness in the trade of the port of Buenaventura, where a research was carried out that is based mainly on the observation of phenomena as they occur in their natural context: categories, concepts, variables, events, collection of information, communities or contexts, this to later analyze them, and to serve as guidance to carry out this project, which is why we focus on differentiating and characterizing ¿What are the aspects that allow the competitiveness of the port of Buenaventura to improve? Analyze the port of Buenaventura, in comparison to the first two ports in Latin America that we are going to investigate, which are the port of Santos and the port of Balboa. with the objective of classifying these two ports based on similar conditions in terms of port performance, geographic location, infrastructure, investments, and model of port logistics processes, which they present in comparison to the other ports and the port of Buenaventura, the objective of classifying these two ports is to look for similar conditions in terms of port performance, geographic location, infrastructure, investments, and model of port logistics processes, which they present in comparison to the other ports and the port of Buenaventura For this reason, the characteristics that affect the port of Buenaventura are identified and how to improve the aspects and characteristics that are affecting the port, seeking good development and performance that improves competitiveness.
Análisis del comportamiento de las exportaciones del sector agrícola antes y después de la entrada en vigor del TLC entre Colombia - Canadá
Ortiz-Joven, Juan Manuel; Nuncira-Cervantes, Wilson Alonso
This research aims to analyze how the entry into force of free trade between Colombia and Canada has generated changes in the behavior of exports of Colombian agricultural products. To follow this proposal, the work is included in the references that you understand; the review of the literature that focuses on identifying research that addresses similar topics such as: the general effects for the agricultural sector with the entry into force of the FTA, the analysis of the trade relationship in order to observe the impact on the economic growth and the theoretical mark of economic integration. For its analysis, it is based on descriptive research with a mixed sample, which allows an analysis of how the monetary value of exports increases or decreases over the years and describes the detailed behavior of previous agricultural exports. after the entry into force of free trade between Colombia and Canada. The results of the research show that the Colombian agricultural sector has benefited from the free trade agreement between Colombia and Canada, increasing the monetary value of agricultural exports to more than double, taking the years 2003-2011 as a reference (before the entry into force). of the FTA) and 2014-2022 (after the entry into force of the FTA).
La importancia cultural y comercial de los negocios internacionales entre Colombia y Costa Rica
Linares-Ramírez, Angie Lorena; Cante-Urrego, Yuliana María; Dávila-Basto, César Augusto
The main purpose of this document was to determine the cultural and commercial importance between Colombia and Costa Rica. In order to carry out this research, the beginnings of the Free Trade Agreement between these countries was analyzed, considering its benefits and characteristics with the aim of getting to know the cultural factors, the commercial relationship, and the economy that each one contains. During this research, it was found that each country strengthens the business industry with the harnessing of raw materials, innovation, technology and trade. However, it was verified that Costa Rica exhibits a lower tolerance for power imbalance in short and long-term social relationships, while Colombia shows a greater interaction in social diversity due to the cultural influence of people in the consumption of goods, services and activities. This trade agreement allowed a greater strengthening of equality in foreign trade competitiveness conditions, especially in the business industry, enabling higher investment levels, which contributes to the economic growth and sustainable development of Colombia and Costa Rica.
Iniciativas internacionales de crecimiento verde en América Latina
Medina-Martinez, Nicolas Esneider; Díaz-Ariza, Diana Marcela
The main objective of the document is to determine the effect that international initiatives on green growth have had in Latin America with respect to environmental technological development, more specifically for the countries of Colombia, Chile and Costa Rica. To do this, the Green Growth initiatives of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Bio Trade of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) were identified. Specifically, it addresses the international commitments made by each country to create domestic policies that promote environmentally responsible economic growth. In order to evaluate the effects on environmental technological development, the before and after of the adaptation of internal public policies and their integration with international organizations on the result and progress in the generation and growth of registered patents of environmentally related technologies and the growth of environmentally related technologies are taken into account, of which a quantitative analysis shows countries with great potential for growth and environmental influence within the ecosystem.
Análisis de la internacionalización del sector de follajes y flores hacia el mercado de Canadá
Benavides-Parra, Nedid Alexandra; Beltran-Pardo, Luisa Fernanda; Davila-Basto, Cesar Augusto
The main objective of this research focuses on identifying the difficulties in developing innovation in the value chain of SMEs in the Tequendama flower sector, specifically in the municipality of Cachipay, to export foliage and flowers to the Canadian market between 2014-2023. With the context of the economic importance of flower growing activity in Colombia, especially in the Tequendama region, highlighting its export potential and the opportunity represented by free trade agreements with countries like Canada. The theoretical framework is based on Michael Porter's five competitive forces model and analyses the competitive pressures that companies face. Background information is compiled that highlights the economic opportunity of exporting Colombian flowers and foliage, as well as the need for innovation in the sector. Thus, enabling the identification of applied innovation processes and export opportunities to strengthen the flower sector in the region.
Exportación de servicios de la empresa colombiana MacroGym al mercado mexicano
Cruz-Castillo, Katherin Dayana; Valencia-González, Catherine
The objective of this project was to advise the company MacroGym of Colombia, for the export of computer services to Mexico through the methodology of process innovation, which consists in the improvement of processes, derived from activities that are based on the theory of Born Global and the Uppsala model, being also suitable for entrepreneurs and small or medium-sized enterprises that do not have enough capital to withstand the high costs of expansion processes to new markets. The different models of innovation in companies seek to enter new markets ignoring some of the stages of the traditional internationalization process. The results of the investigation identified four improvements in the company’s export processes, such as the registration of exporter before the Dian, the change of code according to the central classification of products, host national and international standards for currency billing and withdrawal.
Beneficios de la implementación de un sistema de cultivo vertical al interior de contenedores para la producción de lechugas en el departamento de Cundinamarca.
Garzón-Nieto, Juan Felipe; Acosta-Rusinque, Kevin Daniel; Melo-Chacón, Stefanny; Pinzón-Muñoz, Carlos Andrés
The research addresses the evolution of vertical farming systems in agriculture, highlighting their impact on domestic vegetable and forage cultivation, as well as their application in greenhouses and research centers. An innovative idea for vertical vegetable cultivation in the department of Cundinamarca is presented, inspired by a stand at Agroexpo 2021 in Bogotá, where the company Sáenz Fety exhibited a maritime cargo container converted into a greenhouse for the production of Cherry tomatoes and miniature cucumbers. Initially considered futuristic, this proposal has sparked interest due to its potential, motivating its inclusion in this research to evaluate its utility and efficiency compared to traditional horizontal cultivation. Lettuce is selected as the test crop due to its fast growth, ease of cultivation in greenhouses, and compatibility with vertical farming systems like the container presented at the fair. A detailed analysis of lettuce cultivation in Cundinamarca will be conducted, various types of container-based vertical farming systems will be studied, and the performance of lettuce in these systems will be compared with traditional horizontal cultivation.
Actos de falsificación en el subsector de prendas de vestir y su incidencia en Colombia
López-Montero, Valentina; Monroy-Santoya, Nicoll Daniela; Dávila-Basto, César Augusto
The main objective of the document is to determine the impact that counterfeit clothing sold in Colombia has on original brands. To conduct this, the causes that influence the problem were identified: the scope of counterfeit brands, the current regulations and norms related to Colombia, reasons why consumers acquire counterfeit clothing and its effects, and the national and international impact on the clothing subsector. To determine the scope of each of these axes, the qualitative data collection methodology was used, which allows the study of the phenomenon under study without altering its natural state. To conclude, the counterfeiting of garments has an impact on the country's economy, because it decreases loyalty to the original brands, their reputation, and tax evasion and smuggling continue to be present. At the same time, Intellectual Property is a key factor in safeguarding brands and thanks to International Business, companies can reach new markets abroad, generating experiences by creating a link between the final consumer and the product or service to be offered.
Efecto de la transformación digital en el posicionamiento de las mipymes del sector comercio en Colombia
González-Cárdenas, Erika Valentina; Angulo-Rico, Grace Margarita
The effects of digital transformation on the market positioning (national and international) of Colombian micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the commerce sector are analyzed, based on a contextualization of the national and international commerce sector and the MSMEs that comprise it; the characterization of their traditional and digital transformation strategies, and the relationship between these and market positioning (national and international). At the methodological level, a quantitative approach and descriptive scope were chosen, based on variables such as: strategies and management control of technologies, level of adoption of e-commerce, competencies and organizational capabilities for digital transformation. As a result, it was identified that the commerce sector is the third economic activity in the regional GDP of Latin America and the Caribbean (Colombia is the fourth leading country in the sector). Internationalization continues to be a challenge for MSMEs in the commerce sector, as their external sales are limited, given their limited resources and capabilities. However, the benefits offered by digital transformation have had a positive impact on the way they view business.
Políticas de infraestructura en el Puerto de Rotterdam: Un Modelo para el Desarrollo Portuario Global
Guerrero-Martínez, Hasbleidy; Peña-Bonilla, Fredy Yezid
Efficient and manageable ports are essential for a country's economic growth and competitiveness. In this sense, the Port of Rotterdam, recognized as a world standard, is an example of success based on strategic initiatives. Despite the challenges facing Colombian ports, such as poor infrastructure and lack of financing, implementing a Rotterdam-style strategy could be key to improving their competitiveness. Rotterdam's success is based on investment in modern technology, promotion of different ways of working, long-term planning and resource efficiency. The adoption of these measures in Colombia could boost economic growth, sustainable development and employment. In summary, the study of the Port of Rotterdam provides valuable lessons to improve port policy in Colombia, contributing to the economic and sustainable development of the country, as well as its competitiveness in the global market.
Oportunidad de Exportación de los RAEE de Colombia
Herrera-Hurtado, Andres Felipe; Valenzuela-Campos, Maicol Andres; Tellez-Tellez, Karen Alejandra; Nuncira-Cervantes, Wilson
The objective of this research is to analyze the export opportunity of electrical and electronic waste and scrap by the Colombian entrepreneur. To achieve this purpose, the research was supported by the theoretical framework of the circular economy and green business, in addition, the documentary methodology was applied, which allowed presenting results on the process involved in the treatment of electrical and electronic waste and scrap WEEE in Colombia, international quality and sustainability certifications for the export of WEEE and export opportunities of electrical and electronic waste and scrap of Colombian entrepreneurs. The research concluded that Colombian businessmen have knowledge about the regulations governing WEEE exports and this makes it easier for them to obtain certifications both nationally and internationally to approach the market, in addition, they have a great opportunity to export WEEE in countries such as South Korea, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands, due to the fact that they offer a tariff rate of 0% for tariff item 8549 that was negotiated with Colombia in the different FTAs, there is also the possibility of entering the Japanese market with an upcoming FTA with Colombia, thus opening the opportunity for the Colombian businessman to enter the WEEE market

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