Especialización en Gestión Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible
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Item Diseño de un plan de eficiencia energética conforme a la norma ISO 50001 y los principios del desarrollo sostenible en empresa de transporte público de pasajeros en MedellínRomero Hernández Andrés Santiago; Sepúlveda Otálvaro Angie Juliana; Laura Carolina Diaz OspinaThe purpose of this study was to carry out an energy diagnosis in a public passenger transport company located in the city of Medellín to establish a baseline of energy consumption, identify critical processes, and propose improvement actions that enhance energy efficiency in its operations in line with the ISO 50001:2018 standard. To achieve this, the average monthly energy consumption was analyzed, the processes with the greatest impact were categorized, and the indirect CO2e emissions associated with energy use were estimated. The analysis allowed for the proposal of improvement strategies aimed at optimizing the energy load of electric buses, modernizing lighting systems, and strengthening the energy culture among staff. Furthermore, the study contributes to the achievement of the sustainable development goals by promoting a more efficient use of energy and helping to reduce the carbon footprint within the operation. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of energy management systems (EnMS) provides a solid foundation for future research that aligns with the ISO 50001 standard.Item Diagnóstico de cumplimiento de los requisitos de la norma internacional de sistemas de gestión Basura Cero versión 5 de 2023 en la empresa Productos Ramo S.A.S. para sus dos plantas de producción en Mosquera CundinamarcaHerrera-Rodríguez, Alfred Leoman; Díaz-Ospina, LauraThis study aimed to diagnose the level of compliance of Productos Ramo S.A.S. with the requirements established in the Zero Waste Management Systems International Standard version 5:2023, at its two production plants located in Mosquera, Cundinamarca. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, combining document review, direct observation at the plant, and quantitative waste analysis. A structured checklist based on the standard's requirements was applied, walkthroughs were conducted in operational areas to verify the application of procedures, and records of waste generation and utilization for the year 2025 were analyzed. The results show a medium-to-high level of compliance with the Zero Waste Management System, with an overall score of 93 out of 100 possible points and 91% compliance with the evaluated requirements. The company's high performance in recycling and waste utilization is noteworthy, with a utilization rate exceeding 94%. However, gaps were identified in the operation of the integrated solid waste management system, particularly in the processes of separation, storage, and emergency preparedness, as well as opportunities for improvement in the consolidation of strategic indicators and in management review. The diagnostic assessment established a solid technical basis for formulating improvement proposals aimed at strengthening operational standardization, continuous improvement, and the consolidation of the system, with a view to a possible certification process under the International Standard for Management Systems.Item Análisis comparativo de sistemas de tratamiento de agua para la remoción de 17αmetiltestosterona (17-MT) en efluentes piscícolas en cultivo de tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), bajo criterios de sostenibilidadMora-Calderón, Anny Karina; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaAquaculture stands out as an efficient option for producing high-quality food, in which water and sediment quality play a crucial role. This study focused on comparing different water treatment systems for the removal of 17-MT. Initially, five treatment technologies were identified: activated sludge, oxidation ponds, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands, and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). These alternatives were analyzed from a theoretical perspective, consolidating the information into a technical support matrix. Subsequently, a multi-criteria matrix was applied to the alternatives for each system, considering the three evaluation criteria and their weighting: environmental (40%), economic (30%), and social (30%), for a total of 100%. Each criterion was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, and the resulting values were subjected to normalization and weighting processes. The results indicated that constructed wetlands performed best within the context of this research, standing out as the most sustainable alternative for water treatment in aquaculture systems. In contrast, MBR and RAS systems emerged as highly efficient, although more expensive and requiring technological dependence, among other factors.Item Diseño de un plan de eficiencia energética conforme a la norma ISO 50001 y los principios del desarrollo sostenible en empresa de transporte público de pasajeros en MedellínRomero-Hernández, Andrés Santiago; Sepúlveda-Otálvaro, Angie Juliana; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaThe purpose of this study was to conduct an energy audit of a public passenger transport company located in Medellín, Colombia, to establish a baseline for energy consumption, identify critical processes, and propose improvement actions to strengthen energy efficiency in its operations, in accordance with the ISO 50001:2018 standard. To this end, average monthly energy consumption was analyzed, the processes with the greatest impact were categorized, and indirect CO2e emissions associated with energy use were estimated. The analysis allowed for the proposal of improvement strategies focused on optimizing the energy load of electric buses, modernizing lighting systems, and strengthening energy awareness among staff. Furthermore, the study contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by promoting more efficient energy use and helping to reduce the carbon footprint of the operation. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of energy management systems (EnMS) provides a robust foundation for future research aligned with the ISO 50001 standard.Item Diseño de un sistema de monitoreo ambiental basado en KPIs para la gestión de riesgos y fortalecimiento de la competitividad en una planta de materiales de construcciónHuertas-Prado, Paola Andrea; Díaz, Laura CarolinaThe construction sector in Colombia faces significant sustainability challenges, primarily due to the high demand for natural resources and the impact of these activities on ecosystems (Min Ambiente, 2022). In this context, this undergraduate thesis proposes the design of an environmental monitoring system based on key performance indicators (KPIs) to integrate and analyze environmental data from a construction materials production plant located in the municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca.Item Análisis de normativas en el manejo de residuos de envases y embalajes de agroquímicos en Antioquia en el periodo 2020-2024Acosta-Díaz, Rafael Antonio; Higuera-Calderón, Mireya Maricsa; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaThis research analyzes the regulatory framework governing the management of agrochemical packaging waste in Antioquia during the 2020–2024 period, aiming to identify implementation gaps and propose improvement strategies. Using a qualitative and descriptive-analytical approach, the study concludes that, although Colombia has a solid environmental regulatory framework for hazardous waste management, significant challenges remain in its effective implementation, particularly in rural areas of the department. The findings reveal limitations in post-consumer collection system coverage, insufficient farmer training, weak institutional coordination, and deficiencies in monitoring and enforcement processes. In response, the study proposes strategic guidelines focused on strengthening collection infrastructure, environmental education, information systems, and environmental oversight in order to improve integrated agrochemical waste management and reduce environmental and public health impacts.Item Descarbonización del Proceso de Calidad del Aire en Inmisión Mediante Cálculo y Gestión de la Huella de Carbono en el “Laboratorio Soluciones en Ingeniería Ambiental de Colombia SAS”Ramírez-González, Jherson David; Vargas-Forero, Lizbeth; Barragán-Callejas, Meyvi Angélica; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaWithin the framework of the air quality monitoring process conducted by Soluciones en Ingeniería Ambiental de Colombia SAS, and with the objective of advancing towards environmental sustainability, the following project proposes the implementation of solar panels to replace the use of conventional energy sources that rely on fossil fuels. Currently, monitoring is carried out using generators that consume approximately two (2) gallons of diesel per 24 hours, contributing to the generation of greenhouse gases. To reduce this impact and carbon footprint, a pilot project is proposed based on the installation of twelve solar panels and five lithium batteries with inverters and regulators to ensure the continuous operation of the equipment.Item Formulación del Plan Institucional de Gestión Ambiental (PIGA) para la alcaldía municipal de Tocaima CundinamarcaTéllez-Franco, Sara Daniela; Díaz-Ospina, LauraThis study formulates the Institutional Environmental Management Plan (PIGA) for the Municipal Mayor's Office of Tocaima, Cundinamarca, in response to non-compliance with Decree 1076 of 2015, which requires all public entities nationwide to implement this planning instrument. The administration employs 161 individuals 31 permanent civil servants and 130 contractors and lacks formal resource monitoring systems, environmental criteria in procurement, waste management programs, and structured environmental training for its staff. A mixed-method descriptive-propositional approach was applied. The quantitative component involved analysis of utility invoices, physical characterization of solid waste through the quartering method (GTC 24), and review of the office supply procurement contract. The qualitative component included systematic direct observation across departments and administration of a digital environmental perception questionnaire to 25 employees. Results established a baseline of 85.3 m3 of water and 7,820 kWh of electricity consumed monthly, a complete absence of standardized waste-sorting stations across all seven departments, and a significant knowledge gap regarding environmental regulations. Based on the diagnosis, four management programs were designed: efficient use of water and energy, sustainable public procurement, comprehensive solid waste management, and institutional environmental education. Each program includes quantifiable targets, monitoring indicators, responsible parties, and a twelve-month implementation schedule, providing a technically grounded instrument to achieve regulatory compliance and strengthen the entity's internal environmental management capacity.Item Estrategia de gestión ambiental para la conservación de zonas potenciales de recarga de acuíferos en la vereda Barandillas, ZipaquiráMéndez-Bernal, Mayury Yuelimi; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaThe present study formulated an environmental management strategy for the conservation of potential aquifer recharge zones in the Barandillas village, municipality of Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca. The study was developed using secondary information, thematic cartography, and spatial analysis in Geographic Information Systems. The identification of potential recharge zones was carried out based on the methodology adopted by Resolution 0017 of 2026 and the Methodological Guide for the Identification of Potential Aquifer Recharge Zones, integrating variables such as lithology, land cover, soils, faults, lineament density, drainage density, connectivity, and the Topographic Wetness Index (MinAmbiente et al., 2025). The criteria were normalized on a scale from 0 to 1 and weighted through the combination of the CRITIC and AHP methods. The final index presented values between 0.0638 and 0.7371; therefore, very low, low, medium, and high potential recharge categories were identified, with no presence of the very high category. Subsequently, the anthropogenic activities present in the area were analyzed, and their potential impacts were assessed using the Arboleda matrix (2008). The results made it possible to prioritize impacts associated with impermeabilization, soil compaction, vegetation cover degradation, diffuse pollution, and alteration of infiltration processes. Finally, management, conservation, restoration, and environmental monitoring guidelines were proposed to protect the areas with the highest recharge potential and the greatest anthropogenic pressure.Item Gestión integral de los residuos de paneles soalres fotovoltaicos en Colombia bajo el enfoque de economía circular como estrategia para el desarrollo sostenibleMayorca, María Camila; Díaz-Ospina,LauraThis study analyzes the management of photovoltaic solar panel waste in Colombia, within the context of the growth of the renewable energy sector and the energy transition. Although solar energy contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, its implementation raises an emerging issue related to the final disposal of panels at the end of their useful life. In this regard, the objective of the research was to analyze the environmental impacts and risks associated with this waste, as well as to propose management strategies based on a circular economic approach. The methodology employed consisted of a qualitative, documentary-based approach, involving a review of scientific, technical, and regulatory sources. Based on the analysis, it was found that Colombia has a general framework for electronic waste management, but there is no specific regulation for photovoltaic waste. Similarly, environmental risks were identified due to the presence of potentially hazardous materials and the lack of specialized infrastructure for their treatment. Finally, it is concluded that the management of this waste is an emerging challenge that requires the development of a set of comprehensive strategies for recycling, material reuse, and institutional strengthening.Item Planteamiento de una estrategia integral de sostenibilidad para la gestión de residuos sólidos en zonas rurales: caso del corregimiento Cruces en el municipio de Dabeiba – AntioquiaHernández-Pineda, Yeny Paola; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaThis research describes the problem of the current management of solid waste in the Cruces district of the municipality of Dabeiba – Antioquia, where the local government does not provide waste collection services. As a result, residents have adopted various disposal practices, with open burning being the most prevalent. The overall objective was to design a comprehensive sustainability strategy to strengthen solid waste management, based on a diagnosis of current practices and the environmental, social and economic factors in the rural context. The methodology employed a mixed-methods approach, using techniques such as direct observation, surveys administered to households in the district, and a participatory workshop with students from the local educational institution. The results revealed a lack of knowledge about proper waste management, the presence of environmentally unsound practices, and a high level of community willingness to participate in collective solutions. Based on these findings, a strategy was proposed that focuses on environmental education, the participation of various stakeholders, and the promotion of sustainability and circular economy principles. It is concluded that strengthening solid waste management requires not only technical solutions, but also sustained educational and participatory processes that transform behaviors and promote community actions tailored to the district.Item Estrategia de economía circular empresa ENVAPAC LTDARivera-Silva, Cindy Johanna; Córdoba-Mosquera, Marilyn Yesenia; Díaz-Ospina, LauraIn Colombia, the strengthening of corporate environmental management has been driven by regulatory instruments, which establish measures for the progressive reduction of single-use plastics, and by policies aimed at closing production cycles, such as the National Policy on Sustainable Production and Consumption and the National Circular Economy Strategy. ENVAPAC LTDA is a small company, located in the city of Bogotá, dedicated to the manufacture of plastic containers. It needs to reduce its solid waste within the production process and minimize the consumption of virgin resin as a raw material. This research is oriented under a technical and regulatory implementation model for the reintegration of pre-consumer waste and opting for the use of post-consumer recycled resin, choosing circular economy practices within the Circular Waste Management Plan. The purpose is to strengthen environmental sustainability, close the life cycle of plastic products, and guarantee compliance with Law 2232 of 2022 on single-use plastics. This is in accordance with the review of the requirements established in NTC 6632:2022 to identify the necessary criteria to build a circular economy model to obtain traceability certification, conformity assessment, and verification of recycled plastic content—essential elements to move towards the process of tax exemption for plastics.Item Guía de manejo ambiental para la implementación de buenas prácticas en la disposición final de dotaciones en los proyectos de infraestructura vialVelasco-Ariza, Diana; Ocampo-Duque, Diego Andrés; Díaz-Ospina, Laura CarolinaOne of the major environmental problems is the improper disposal of textile waste. Once textiles reach the end of their useful life, the vast majority are deposited in landfills, contributing to their saturation. Among the activities that directly contribute to this problem, and which are the subject of this analysis, is the final disposal of uniforms provided to employees of road infrastructure projects. Therefore, this document proposes an environmental guide that promotes alternatives for reusing textile waste generated by these projects and contributes to mitigating the environmental impact of uniform production, reducing water and soil pollution, and alleviating the saturation of landfills in the city of Bogotá.