Factores de riesgo laboral en el transporte terrestre en América Latina y su abordaje desde la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo: revisión documental (2010–2025) - Occupational risk factors in land transport in Latin America and their approach from the management of occupational safety and health: a documentary review (2010–2025)

Abstract

Land transport is one of the sectors most exposed to occupational risks in Latin America and a strategic component of the regional economy. This monograph analyzes the main occupational risk factors in the sector and their management from the perspective of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management models, through a systematic review of 24 scientific articles published between 2010 and 2025 in databases such as SciELO and Dialnet. The findings reveal a gap between the formal adoption of international standards such as ISO 45001 and their effective application, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises. Ergonomic, physical, psychosocial, and organizational risks were identified as interacting systemically, with fatigue resulting from prolonged workdays being one of the main factors associated with road accidents. The results are compared with international epidemiological evidence, including the WHO & ILO report (2021), and with approaches to the social determinants of health. It is concluded that the sustainability of the sector requires predictive management models that integrate the human dimension of risk and strengthen prevention from an organizational and strategic perspective.