Análisis de los programas de intervención ergonómica en la reducción de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de oficina: una mirada a nivel mundial de los últimos 10 años

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major occupational health problem among office workers due to factors associated with prolonged postures, repetitive movements, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. These disorders have consequences for both the health of workers and organizations, reflected in increased absenteeism, decreased productivity, and higher costs associated with medical leave. This research aims to analyze ergonomic intervention programs implemented worldwide over the past ten years to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in office workers. To this end, a review and analysis of the available scientific literature is conducted, identifying the most frequently used intervention strategies, the results obtained, and the factors influencing their effectiveness in different organizational contexts. The findings reveal the main preventive actions applied in the workplace, as well as the strengths and limitations of the implemented programs. At the same time, practices that have proven to contribute to reducing biomechanical risk factors and strengthening a culture of prevention in organizations are identified.