Análisis comparativo de sistemas de tratamiento de agua para la remoción de 17αmetiltestosterona (17-MT) en efluentes piscícolas en cultivo de tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), bajo criterios de sostenibilidad

Abstract

Aquaculture stands out as an efficient option for producing high-quality food, in which water and sediment quality play a crucial role. This study focused on comparing different water treatment systems for the removal of 17-MT. Initially, five treatment technologies were identified: activated sludge, oxidation ponds, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands, and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). These alternatives were analyzed from a theoretical perspective, consolidating the information into a technical support matrix. Subsequently, a multi-criteria matrix was applied to the alternatives for each system, considering the three evaluation criteria and their weighting: environmental (40%), economic (30%), and social (30%), for a total of 100%. Each criterion was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, and the resulting values ​​were subjected to normalization and weighting processes. The results indicated that constructed wetlands performed best within the context of this research, standing out as the most sustainable alternative for water treatment in aquaculture systems. In contrast, MBR and RAS systems emerged as highly efficient, although more expensive and requiring technological dependence, among other factors.