Notas de clase

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Costeo y precio de venta de una habitación en el sector hotelero
Paredes-Murcia, Andrés
This course note is theoric-practical; so, for its development, it is relevant that the reader take into account the hotel costs as some distintive mark of the traditional accounting, understanding that it is about an immaterial product that does not present a production chain, but it is about the servuction of an offered service, where the most part of its elements are immaterial. From the standar conceptualization of the costs, it is generated the application in the hotel industry, identifying and analyzing different elements (prime matter, workforce, and indirect costs) into the normal opperation in the hotel industry. With the numeric data obtained in the first part of the identification of the cost elements, it is determinated the ideal way to costing rooms to subsequently to assign a sales price and so to stablish equilibrium points with and without the expected utility.
Sistemas de gestión de calidad para principiantes
Marín-Cháves, Yeimy Viviana; Torres-Acuña, Olga Lucía
Nowadays, quality management systems have got great importance in the organizations. Even if initially they where considered as a differentiating factor, actually they has becoming in a need to the companies in order to keep being competitive. The ISO 9001 regulation, in its 2015 version, is the international standard most used in terms of quality. This norm has been seen as a very complex norm to understand and to apply. This course note, through a plain language, gives a clear interpretaion with basic examples, and gives tools to understand the norm, document it and implement it in the organizations. In the first unit it is presentend the definitions and basics of quality in order to the reader to understand the terminology in the norm and the fundamentals of the quality management. In the second unit, it is explaned the stage of system planning. In the third unit, are the necessary steps to the "do" of the quality management system according to the requisites of the norm. Finally, in the fourth unit, will be exposed the basic activities of assessment and improvement.
Alternativas en el aula para enfrentarse a la realidad desde las teorías del conflicto social
Jiménez-Guzmán, Camila
The history of the mankind has been permeated by the developmen of different kinds of conflicts. In occasions, these conflics has ended by defining the course of action and the development plan of a nation. Actually, the world faces a great variety of ideological, geopolitical and migratory conflicts. Nevertheless, these conflicts have the particularity of having expanded through different nations and there are no more internal conflicts. In Colombia there is a transition in the history of its internal conflict, besides with afectations driven by other external conflicts that have an impact in our economy and structure. Because of this, it is necessary that the future graduates have a more concrete vision of the reality and are able to to interpret it from conflict theories, in order to identify the possible scenarios of professional development and the best ways to intervene, considering the reflection about the conflicts and the alternatives that these offer. This course note remarks about some elements and concepts necessary to understand and analyze the social conflict outside the paradigm of the social pathology. With the introduction of different types of contexts, it presents activities that allow the appropiation of the concepts and the put on practice of these.
Apropiación de contenidos antropológicos mediante las estrategias pedagógicas de cine-foro y trabajo colaborativo. Parte 1
Tulcán, Omar Frederikson
Anthropology is, in words of Conrad Phillop Kottard, "the stidy of the human species and their immediate ancestors [...] It is a science exceptionally comparative and holistic [...]" (2011, p. 5). Anthropology allow to us to understand the human being and go inside the most fundamental questions of the human existence itself. So, questions such as "who am I?", "Where I am going?", "What is my origin?", "Which is my role in the world?" are questions that not only pertain to theoretical philosophers, but too concern to the common people. So, anthropology "faces and reflecs about the biggest questions of the human existence, by exploring the human diversity, biological and cultural" (Kottard, 2011, p. 5), and becomes en this transversal area that is seen for all students of the Universitaria Agustiniana. Therefore, these notes of the Anthropology course looks for the students of academic programs different to philosophy get interest in the study and generate knowledge about the anthropological questions. This document was carried out with the students of Hotel Indistry and Tourism program of the Universitaria Agistiniana. It is divided in two units: 1. introduction to the anthropology, and 2. Philosophical Anthropology. In each one of these units are preented the thematic understanding of some thinkers presented through films and readings of the area. To do this, is proposed a learning through film-forums and activities in classroom that promote the collaborative work allowing to the student a didactica appropriation of the contents.
Comprender y producir textos: de la teoría a la práctica
Cortés-Bello, Yenny Milena
This course notes is about the themes and exercises of application of the processes of learning of reading and writing in the course "Methods of Study". This course is mandatory of the students of the first semester of all the undergraduate programs of the Universitaria Agustiniana. This note presents in its introduction to the concept of metacognition and its relationship with processes of production of texts and understanding of texts. Next, there are two main units: the first about the strategies of reading and critical reading; and the second, elements related with the stages of writing process. For each unit, there are exercises proposed as assignments in class or as autonomous work.
Lógica simbólica con aplicaciones a problemas filosóficos contemporáneos
Buitrago-Arria, Daniel Sebastián
This course note pretends to serve as pedagogical support to the developent of the contents for the Logic II course. Particularly, the note have the purpose to accompany the student in the identification of the validity of the arguments through symbolization of terms. To do this, besides the theorical explanations, it takes into account a catalogue of exercises to evaluete the progress of the students in the course themes. Additionally, there are some questions that are proposed in the the contemporary philosophy and the philosophy of logic about some concepts of the symbolic logic.
Proyectando. Reflexiones y ejercicios para la construcción de proyectos de investigación
Bonelo-Martínez, Edwin
This text presents the conditions and the elements to take into acount to the basic design of academic research in undergraduate courses. It begins form the initial aspects of research (choice and marking out of the issue, search of antecedents, research proposal and formulation of objectives). After that, there are exposed the elements to take into account to the construction of the reference framework. The next theme is the methodological strategy. Finally, as a kind of appendix, are exposed some general features about the construction of the final document of the research project.
Matemáticas financieras como base del análisis financiero empresarial
Moncada Puerto, Fredy Alejandro
It is normal that the students of the universities do not notice the different levels that they are achieving in each of the professional competences or abilities of their career; one of these competences is the skill or competence of mathematical logic; which in our case focuses on the necessary and sufficient stages to understand the different administrative processes of a company. Financial mathematics is essential to know the different business processes such as the pertinent to treasury and optimal financing, also in the part of investments to make comparisons of financial returns; having this mathematical capacity, a financial analysis of the possible results of the areas involved and the implications of a manager in deciding to manage these results in the company can be generated with criteria. Therefore, the selection of the subjects to be oriented in the mathematics classes, are not based on an institutional whim, they directly obey the mission of forming integral professionals, with the capacity to face and solve business cases. Consequently, financial mathematics is the basis of business analysis, develops the ability to translate numbers (results) into valid interpretations, so that financial management lands and decides how to proceed with the use of company resources.
La planeación estratégica y el diseño organizacional como herramientas gerenciales
Pulido Rein, Jason Steve
The main tool created to exercise the managerial function is the administrative process. This chain of stages was proposed by Fayol to respond to the management needs that had not been studied until then. The process has been evolving and depending on the author, four or five stages are handled, but the most recognized are: planning, organization, direction and control. The document will describe the first two stages of the process: planning and organization. The planning traces the direction of the organization, from the mission statement, through the planning of strategic objectives and the creation of strategies to achieve them, to the preparation of budgets. The second stage of the administrative process, organization, is responsible for designing the structure, establishing hierarchical levels and defining responsibilities. Understanding each of these stages allows the tools and knowledge to be applied systematically, increasing the chances of success in the search for managerial effectiveness.
Conceptos básicos de marketing
Ávila Castañeda, Ángel Leonardo
Due to the changes that are made in the environment, companies today face great challenges: political transformation, trade agreements, strategic alliances and technological changes, which affect competitiveness and the development of products or services in order to achieve the purposes organizational. This is why companies see in marketing the opportunity to design, execute and control a plan to influence the exchange processes with consumers, thereby seeking to increase the likelihood of having favorable thoughts and feelings towards products, the services and brands that we are developing. However, it is a methodical and cautious process, and to be able to make the best decisions it is essential to know the key aspects at the beginning of the planning. Such is the reason why in this paper we will be able to understand the current nature and conception of marketing, identify the main elements of the market analysis and diagnosis process - of vital importance for planning objectives - to finally develop a practical understanding when applying the concepts to a case study.
Legado del pensamiento de San Agustín para los jóvenes universitarios del siglo XXI
Quintero Martínez, Jairo
Saint Augustine is one of the greatest thinkers of the fourth century A.D., for his richness, his simplicity, his depth, his actuality and his thinking is a legacy for the academy at all times. His life, his struggles, his passions, his loves, his tireless search for truth, love, friendship, interiority, are aspects that make him a role model for youth, because they allow identification with him. Who has doubts about himself, about God, about the truth, should approach St. Augustine to receive guidance from the testimony of life, because the Saint of Hippo did not write anything that he did not live, and he did not live anything that he did not leave written. This class note is an invitation to reflect, deepen and analyze the life and thought of this great man, who by his virtues is called holy.
Organización y gestión de almacenes y centros de distribución
Barragán Moreno, Gabriel Ernesto
The structuring of logistics systems, as a result of the analysis of the client's requirements, requires the establishment of service levels that are often difficult to meet under conditions of uncertainty. The variability of the demand, the response times of suppliers and the volatility of the prices of some resources, are just some of the reasons that invite companies to store and operate with distribution centers. The storage and expenses associated with its management should not be neglected by the organization, the projection of warehouses and distribution centers, as well as its efficient management are nowadays challenges for the administrator. The following pages develop the principles for the organization of warehouses and distribution centers according to logistic criteria that allow an uninterrupted flow, as well as a minimum energy consumption associated with the movement of materials. Additionally, some tools for the organization and management are presented that allow the effective location of materials in the installation with the positive repercussions from the economic point of view that this implies. Finally, some great application metrics are defined to measure the management of warehouses and distribution centers.
Conceptos fundamentales para la toma de decisiones financieras
Segura Pulido, Juan Fernando
Fundamental concepts for financial decision making is a class note that begins, in Unit 1, with a study of the principles that allow thinking decisions in terms of investment, notions of financial analysis and value of money in terms of time. To achieve this, important topics such as simple interest, compound interest, present value and future value are addressed, among others, and ends with a section dedicated to the application of mathematical exercises. The next unit is an introduction to the study of the main financial tools for the evaluation of an investment such as the net present value, the internal rate of return, the rate of return and the recovery period; The section will allow the student to diagnose if some investments constitute opportunities for a business organization and also ends with the application of mathematical exercises. The following unit analyzes financial statements, with the interpretation of each mathematical result in detail, evaluating the accounting information vertically and horizontally; liquidity, activity, operating cycle, cash cycle, indebtedness, profitability, EBITDA, and Dupont indicators are also studied, to conclude with a section in which numerical exercises are applied. With this note it is sought that the student has a better understanding of financial concepts that allow him to make decisions, using the fundamentals of the valuation of an investment and the accounting aspects. The content of the units will allow the student to improve decision making in the short, medium and long term in any economic entity. This document will be useful even for those students who are not related to careers related to economic and administrative sciences because it contains multiple theoretical explanations and lots of practical exercises.
El ser humano ayer, hoy y mañana
Rodríguez García, Julio César
This class note is an approach to answer the question "What is man?" from the fields of philosophical, theological and cultural anthropology. It is not a course for anthropologists, it would be a great claim and it would be light years to achieve it, it is more an introduction for those university students whose programs seek to bring them closer to the study of man as a problem. This pedagogical material has three parts. In the first one, it is intended to answer the question "where do we come from? It is an approach, from cultural and natural anthropology, to Darwin's thinking and to the criticism made by some thinkers like Motoo Kimura, Stephen Gould and Edward Wilson. The scientific explanation of evolution is in mind, from the Big Bang to Homo sapiens. Similarly, an approach is made to the religious explanation of the origin of man and myth. In this section, the concept of myth is deepened, seen as reality that explains the origins and not as fantasy or fable. In the second, we try to answer, from the philosophical anthropology, the question "Who are we?" so different thinkers are approached that approach the reader, at different historical moments, to the way in which the answer to that question has been answered. In the third, the question that arises is " Where are we going?" which develops in three moments, man as a corporeal being and social being; as being for death and ends with the man of the future.
El juego de rol como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza de las humanidades
Buitrago Arria, Daniel Sebastián; Jiménez Guzmán, Camila
Role-playing games allow to establish a playful, dynamic, attractive and motivating scenario to approach any theme through the game. Essentially it is an entertainment tool that over the last decades has been used as a strategy for teaching different areas and at different levels of education. Starting from the original context, and the use of role-playing games as a pedagogical tool, the possibility of using it in the development of humanities classes at the university level is raised, seeking to favor their development and generate dynamic and motivating spaces that allow students improve their interpretation, analysis and criticism skills, leading them to an adequate understanding of the contents and the practical relationship with the environment in which they operate. This note offers a general context of role-playing games to direct the course towards its application in the teaching of the humanities for university students, by providing specific examples of exercises and activities to develop. It is suggested to contemplate these examples and adapt them according to the themes and groups in which the tool is intended to be used.
Guía básica para el desarrollo e interpretación de los modelos matemáticos de programación lineal
Echavarría S., Oscar Oswaldo; Acosta Quevedo, Juan Carlos
This proposal for a class note arises from the work in the classroom, where the student's difficulty in addressing the issues and studying in the basic texts indicated in the bibliography is observed. The introductory phase is not easy to assimilate, either because of the varied scale of skills and knowledge of the required mathematics and also as a result of past unsatisfactory experiences. This proposal for a class note seeks to establish, through a simple language, bridges between the student and the topics to be addressed, based on the experience in the development of operations research courses and with the aim of being able to deliver to the student basic developments that allow him to obtain a pleasant and satisfactory first step, which leaves the seed sown of a capacity that leads him to explore in increasingly complex environments. The language of the text seeks to have the closest proximity to the student's daily life, not only in its form but also in its modes: the examples are widely explained and aim to generate reflection that transforms curiosity into knowledge. The development of the class note begins with general information on operations research, their main milestones and their interpretation through modeling in the field of processes and decision-making in the face of real problems of the organization. It continues with a presentation of the basic concepts of linearity, which allow the student to build concepts and weave networks around the management of linear equations, their development systems, and their graphic representation. The handling of inequalities as a fundamental floor on which to build the whole principle of mathematical modeling of linear programming problems, expressed in objective function and constraints. They finish these notes by developing PL problems through the graphic method.
Fundamentos de microeconomía para no economistas
Gaitán-Méndez, Jorge Eliecer
781/5000 Microeconomics is usually seen by students as a subject of high complexity, difficult to understand, which is why this class note aims to provide necessary and sufficient tools to deal with the subject more easily, explained through clear language and through the development of step-by-step exercises, each topic, accompanied by solved and practical exercises. In the first unit, the basic concepts of economics are presented, which will allow the reader to have a general contextualization of this science. In the second unit, the issue of the market will be approached with its different elements and, finally in the third unit, the issue of elasticity will be studied, a very important concept in the study of microeconomics.
La formación a través de la lúdica en el diseño de áreas de trabajo
Cruz Villarraga, Nelson Humberto
Prior to the realization of a plant distribution, the industrial engineer must master the concepts and formulas to determine the appropriate spaces in each of the machines or jobs. These calculations should take into account: the work area - the area where the worker performs his work -, the access areas - logs or areas where the operators enter or leave the work area -, the storage areas of the production - area where at the end of the production process the inventory is stored as it is produced - and the enlistment areas - which are the areas where, in some cases, it is necessary to prepare a raw material for the workplace - . The ludic will allow the student to apply these concepts through a theoretical-practical methodology, starting from a machine tool (physical) to scale, take the main dimensions, apply the formulas of the different surfaces that interact with the workers and find a total area suitable for each machine. Once the calculation is done by machine, adding all the areas, can be calculated the total area of a workplace a department, a section or an industrial plant.

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