De la conciencia de clase a la conciencia crítica: un paso definitivo en la lucha contra la alienación contemporánea

Abstract

The purpose of this research work is to study and present a proposal of viable resistance that allows us to recognize and oppose the multiple forms of domination caused by alienation in our days, based on the main works of the German philosopher Herbert Marcuse and some theoretical supplies of also the German philosopher and sociologist Karl Marx. The first thing presented in this document is an analysis of the change between the characteristics of modern and contemporary alienation, as well as of its main forms of social coercion and the advancement of this form of domination that reconfigures the deepest instances of the human being as conscience, vital instincts and ways of life, which generates that the subjects that make up the capitalist societies of our time follow the patterns of behavior imposed by economic-political power in a thoughtless and naturalized way. Secondly, it is examined in detail whether it is possible to establish a class consciousness that allows to represent and concretize the struggle of the alienated to achieve their social liberation from the yoke of alienation, as Karl Marx put it in the 19th century. And, at the last moment, an analysis is made about the viability of some alternatives proposed by Marcuse to resist alienation, to finally establish a proposal of resistance or alternative to contemporary alienation called critical awareness, which is based solely on the categories radical subjectivity and Great Refusal of Herbert Marcuse.